{"id":10951,"date":"2013-05-24T16:26:16","date_gmt":"2013-05-24T11:26:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/?p=10951"},"modified":"2013-05-24T16:26:16","modified_gmt":"2013-05-24T11:26:16","slug":"syringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/en\/?p=10951","title":{"rendered":"Syringa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\">\n<div><i><a href=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10949\" alt=\"Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1\" src=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa_meyeri__Palibin_1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a>Syringa vulgaris<\/i>\u00a0(<b>lilac<\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<b>common lilac<\/b>) is a\u00a0species\u00a0of\u00a0flowering plant\u00a0in the olive\u00a0family\u00a0Oleaceae,\u00a0native\u00a0to the Balkan Peninsula, where it grows on rocky hills.<sup id=\"cite_ref-rushforth_1-0\">[1]<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-mc_2-0\">[2]<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-fe_3-0\">[3]<\/sup><\/div>\n<p>The\u00a0specific epithet\u00a0<i>vulgaris<\/i>\u00a0means &#8220;common&#8221; &#8211; not a pejorative reference, but merely indicating that this is the most widespread lilac species.<sup id=\"cite_ref-RHSLG_4-0\">[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n<table id=\"toc\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa-reticulata.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-10948\" alt=\"Syringa reticulata\" src=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa-reticulata-1024x829.jpg\" width=\"350\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa-reticulata-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa-reticulata-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Syringa-reticulata-370x300.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a>Description<\/h2>\n<p>It is a large\u00a0deciduous\u00a0shrub\u00a0or multi-stemmed small\u00a0tree, growing to 6\u20137\u00a0m (20\u201323\u00a0ft) high, producing secondary shoots (&#8220;suckers&#8221;) from the base or roots, with stem diameters of up to 20\u00a0cm (8\u00a0in), which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket.The\u00a0bark\u00a0is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed and flaking on older stems. The\u00a0leaves\u00a0are simple, 4\u201312\u00a0cm (2\u20135\u00a0in) and 3\u20138 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate\u00a0apex\u00a0and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The\u00a0flowers\u00a0have a tubular base to thecorolla\u00a06\u201310 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5\u20138 mm across, usually\u00a0lilac\u00a0to\u00a0mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal\u00a0panicles\u00a08\u201318\u00a0cm (3\u20137\u00a0in) long. The\u00a0fruit\u00a0is a dry, smooth brown\u00a0capsule, 1\u20132 cm long, splitting in two to release the two winged\u00a0seeds.<sup id=\"cite_ref-rushforth_1-1\">[1]<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-blamey_6-0\">[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Garden history<\/h2>\n<p>Lilacs \u2014 both\u00a0<i>Syringa vulgaris<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>S.<\/i>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0<i>persica<\/i>, the finer, smaller &#8220;Persian lilac&#8221;, now considered a natural hybrid \u2014 were introduced into European gardens at the end of the sixteenth century, from\u00a0Ottoman\u00a0gardens, not through botanists exploring the Balkan habitats of\u00a0<i>S. vulgaris<\/i>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\">[7]<\/sup>\u00a0The Holy Roman Emperor&#8217;s ambassador,Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, is generally credited with supplying lilac slips to\u00a0Carolus Clusius, about 1562. Well-connected botanists, like the great herbalist\u00a0John Gerard, soon had the rarity in their gardens: Gerard notes that he had lilacs growing \u201cin very great plenty\u201d in 1597, but lilacs were not mentioned by Shakespeare,<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\">[8]<\/sup>\u00a0and\u00a0John Loudon\u00a0was of the opinion that the Persian lilac had been introduced into English gardens by\u00a0John Tradescant the elder.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\">[9]<\/sup>\u00a0Tradescant&#8217;s Continental source for information on the lilac, and perhaps ultimately for the plants, was\u00a0Pietro Andrea Mattioli, as one can tell from a unique copy of Tradescant&#8217;s plant list in his Lambeth garden, an adjunct of his\u00a0<i>Musaeum Tradescantianum<\/i>; it was printed, though probably not published, in 1634: it lists\u00a0<i>Lilac Matthioli<\/i>. That Tradescant&#8217;s &#8220;lilac of Mattioli&#8217;s&#8221; was a white one is shown by\u00a0Elias Ashmole&#8217;s manuscript list,\u00a0<i>Trees found in Mrs Tredescants Ground when it came into my possession<\/i>\u00a0(1662):<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\">[10]<\/sup>\u00a0&#8220;Syringa alba&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>In the American colonies lilacs were introduced in the eighteenth century.\u00a0Peter Collinson, F.R.S., wrote to the Pennsylvania gardener and botanist\u00a0John Bartram, proposing to send him some, and remarked that\u00a0John Custis\u00a0of Virginia had a fine &#8220;collection&#8221;, which Ann Leighton interpreted as signifying common and Persian lilacs, in both purple and white, &#8220;the entire range of lilacs possible&#8221; at the time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\"><br \/>\n<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Cultivation<\/h2>\n<p>The lilac is a very popular\u00a0ornamental plant\u00a0in gardens and parks, because of its attractive, sweet-smelling flowers, which appear in early summer just before many of the the roses and other summer flowers come into bloom.<sup id=\"cite_ref-RHSAZ_12-0\"><br \/>\n<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In late summer, lilacs can be attacked by\u00a0powdery mildew, specifically\u00a0<i>Erysiphe syringae<\/i>, one of the\u00a0Erysiphaceae.There is no fall color and the seed clusters have no aesthetic appeal.<\/p>\n<p>Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by deadheading the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot.<\/p>\n<p>It is widely\u00a0naturalised\u00a0in western and northern Europe.\u00a0In a sign of its complete naturalization in North America, it has been selected as the\u00a0state flower\u00a0of the state of\u00a0New Hampshire, because it &#8220;is symbolic of that hardy character of the men and women of the Granite State&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\">[14]<\/sup>\u00a0Additional hardiness, for Canadian gardens, was bred for in a series of\u00a0<i>S. vulgaris<\/i>\u00a0hybrids by Isabella Preston, who introduced many of the later-blooming varieties, whose later-developing flower-buds are better protected from late spring frosts; the\u00a0<i>Syringa x prestoniae<\/i>\u00a0hybrids range primarily in the pink and lavender shades.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\">[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3>Cultivars<\/h3>\n<p>Most garden plants of\u00a0<i>S. vulgaris<\/i>\u00a0are\u00a0cultivars, the majority of which do not exceed 4\u20135\u00a0m (13\u201316\u00a0ft) tall.\u00a0Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman\u00a0Victor Lemoine\u00a0of Nancy introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of which are considered classics and still in commerce today. Lemoine&#8217;s &#8220;French lilacs&#8221; extended the limited color range to include deeper, more saturated hues, and they also introduced double-flowered &#8220;sports&#8221;, with the stamens replaced by extra petals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syringa vulgaris\u00a0(lilac\u00a0or\u00a0common lilac) is a\u00a0species\u00a0of\u00a0flowering plant\u00a0in the olive\u00a0family\u00a0Oleaceae,\u00a0native\u00a0to the Balkan Peninsula, where it grows on&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,224,188,212],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-more","category-news","category-plants","category-weekly-news","post_format-post-format-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10951"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10951\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive2.ankakh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}